端承摩擦桩在桐梓盆地高层建筑中的应用

桐梓盆地第四系覆盖土层具有厚度分布均匀、下伏基岩面起伏不大的特点,在桐梓×××大楼的岩土工程勘察过程中,通过岩土工程地质、水文地质、上部结构及其荷载等方面进行综合分析,并结合各类岩土层的物理力学参数,选用端承摩擦桩作为大楼基础,基础施工完成后的静载荷试验成果资料分析表明,所采用的基础方案是恰当的,桩基础承载力能满足上部荷载要求。为桐梓盆地乃至贵州类似工程地质条件下高层建筑基础方案厘定具有一定的借鉴意义。     

云南弥渡地区更新世成煤作用分析

对云南弥渡地区平安庄和彭家庄褐煤矿的煤质参数和成煤环境进行了综合分析,并对研究区内3个不同方向的更新世松毛坡组的综合柱状图进行了对比,同时结合平安庄盆地沉积环境特征,由此得出云南弥渡地区更新世褐煤沉积作用的4个地质作用阶段。     

High-resolution carbon isotope record for the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum from the Nanyang Basin,Central China

The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) was a transient episode of global warming, associated with massive atmospheric greenhouse gas input that occurred at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. Biostratigraphic and isotope stratigraphic studies indicate that the PETM event is well documented in the marl deposits of the Yuhuangding section in the Nanyang Basin, Central China, with a carbon isotope negative excursion of ~6.1‰ within 19-m-thick marl deposits. This is the highest resolution record of the PETM so far found in the world. The PETM event was triggered within 2-cm-thick marl sediments, with a decrease of δ¹³C (stable carbon isotope ratio) from –3.2‰ to –5.2‰, suggesting a massive methane hydrate release for a transient period that was possibly caused by a catastrophic event. A comparison between marine and terrestrial records indicates a “Three-Phase Model” for the PETM event. Initially there is a rapid negative excursion in the δ¹³C record, followed by a slowly decreasing trend, and then a gradual positive recovery, corresponding respectively to a rapid dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate, followed by a slow release of methane and then the consumption of the released methane.     

Geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons in natural gases from the Turpan-Hami Basin and identification of low-mature gas

Theoretical and practical knowledge regarding low-mature gasses is of significant importance to identifying potential natural gas resources. Light hydrocarbon parameters and C and H isotopes are useful tools to identify low-mature gas. Twenty gas samples were collected from the Turpan-Hami Basin for light hydrocarbon analyses. The results showed that the light hydrocarbon components of natural gases contain high methylcycloxane, high isoparaffin and low benzene. This implies that the gas-generating parent materials are of typical humus type and the paleoenvironment is a fresh water sedimentary environment. These features are consistent with the geological setting of the basin. Comparative studies of isoheptane, heptane, and the carbon isotopic compositions of methane in natural gases, and other maturity indices indicated that natural gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin are dominated by low-mature gas formed during the low evolution stage of Jurassic coal seams. The parent materials are of type III, and the maturation degree was in the low evolution stage. These are the fundamental characteristics of low-mature gas. Results of light hydrocarbon research provided further evidence to suggest that the Turpan-Hami Basin is a large-scale gas producer of low-mature gas in China. It is likely that this resource will play an important role in future exploration and development of low-mature gas in China.     

太原盆地QK1钻孔60ka.B.P以来气候环境演化的沉积记录

通过对太原盆地QK1钻孔60 ka.B.P.以来的沉积物进行粒度、磁化率分析,探讨了太原盆地60 ka.B.P.以来的气候环境演化过程。太原盆地60 ka.B.P.以来主要经历了以下演化阶段:59.6～40 ka.B.P.属滨湖相沉积;40～31.5 ka.B.P.属以河流相漫滩沉积;31.5～14.58 ka.B.P.属河流相边滩沉积;14.58～12.5 ka.B.P.河流相漫滩沉积;12.5～9 ka.B.P.河漫湖泊沉积;9 ka.B.P.至今属河流相边滩沉积。60 ka.B.P.以来太原盆地的气候由温暖偏湿转为温暖湿润,在末次冰期表现为寒冷干燥,进入全新世大暖期以后,气候具有全球性特征的同时也兼具区域性特点。各指标分析表明太原盆地的气候环境演化主要受全球性气候变化及区域气候的影响,由于盆地沉降中心与边缘沉积速率的差异,在一定程度上受到地区构造活动的影响。     

墨西哥湾盆地陆棚区油气田数量与储量规模的分形分析

在对墨西哥湾盆地陆棚区已探明油气田储量规模划分的基础上, 应用分形理论对油气田数量与储量规模之间的分形关系进行了研究, 讨论了油气田储量规模分布的分数维值D的含义。油气田储量规模分布的分数维值D反映了油气田的勘探开发程度, 勘探开发程度越高, 分数维值D越大; 勘探开发程度越低, 分数维值D越小。利用分形方法可以较好地分析油气田储量规模与数量之间的关系, 评判油气田勘探开发的程度, 预测未来发现油气田的数量及其储量规模。     

准噶尔盆地及周缘二叠纪以来构造应力场解析

通过构造地质演化分析, 将准噶尔盆地及周缘二叠纪以来具有较强构造变形的构造应力场分为 3 期: 二叠纪末、侏罗纪末( 或延续到早白垩世末) 和新近纪以来。根据岩墙、节理、擦痕、褶皱与断层等应力感构造的测量分析, 得出准噶尔盆地及周缘三期构造应力场的最大主应力方向分别为北西西-北西向、近南北向, 北北东向。基于对新近纪以来准噶尔盆地构造应力场的二维有限元模拟, 进一步对整个盆地应力场的分布特征、盆地边界几何形态对应力场的影响等问题进行了讨论与分析。     

滨里海盆地Sagizski区块盐上层系油气藏特征

 滨里海盆地的油气藏与下二叠统空谷阶区域性的盐岩密切相关。该盆地东南部的 Sagizski区块（简称S区块）油气富集,目前的主要勘探目标为盐上层系（包括盐上地层和盐间地层）。在前人研究的基础上,通过对该区块Ashikol S.、Kaganai、Sarly S.、Taskuduk、Sarykumak E.、Kardasyn、Kopa和Oryskazgan 8个典型油气藏或含油气构造的精细解剖,总结并对比了其生油岩、储层、盖层、圈闭、流体、输导体系、保存条件等特征,并综合多方面的资料分析,认为S区块盐上层系的油气藏共有三次成藏期,时间分别在三叠纪末期至早侏罗世末期、晚侏罗世末期和晚白垩世至古近纪;指出了S区块油气藏的主控因素：盐窗是油气成藏的关键,储层控制油气藏的分布,断裂对油气藏的分布有很大影响;并建立了该区块8种油气成藏模式,为下一步油气勘探提供了科学资料。     

地震面元对地震资料解释的影响—以松辽西部斜坡试验区为例

提高油气勘探的效益,有效提升油气勘探的性价比,实现科学、经济、有效的油气勘探已成为当今地球物理行业的研究热点与重点,而低丰度油气区科学经济的勘探尤为重要。以西部斜坡区域的试验区块为例,从构造背景出发,分析了低丰度油藏区不同面元(20 m×20 m、20 m×40 m、40 m×40 m)地震数据体的目标层在品质及其对断裂、构造、储层特征等方面的刻画精度与差异,给出了低丰度油藏区经济勘探的成果评价和评价的技术路线。     

四川盆地中部嘉二段储层特征及成因

通过钻井、录井、测井及岩心等大量资料的综合分析,系统识别出鲕粒灰岩储层、砂屑云岩储层和粉晶云岩储层是四川盆地中部地区下三叠统嘉陵江组嘉第二段主要的碳酸盐岩储层。鲕粒灰岩储层以孤立的粒内溶孔和铸模孔为主要储集空间,孔隙间喉道欠发育,以微喉为主,中孔微喉的配置关系导致储层多表现为中孔低渗、渗透率偏低的特征;砂屑云岩储层以残余粒间孔和粒间溶孔为主要储集空间,孔隙间喉道发育,以缩颈喉道为主,较好的孔喉配置关系使储层多表现为中孔中渗、储渗能力较好的特征;粉晶云岩储层以晶间孔和晶间溶孔为主要储集空间,孔隙间喉道以片状喉道为主,孔喉配置关系较好,储层多表现为中孔中渗的特征。储层成因分析结果表明,沉积微相是储层形成的沉积基础,分别形成于鲕滩微相、砂屑滩微相和云坪微相中的鲕粒灰岩、砂屑云岩和粉晶云岩为储层的形成提供了早期物质基础;台地内次一级微地貌高地为储层形成提供了有益的微地貌条件;同生期大气淡水淋溶、原生粒间孔保存和白云岩化作用分别是鲕粒灰岩储层、砂屑云岩储层和粉晶云岩储层形成的关键。